Abstract Objective: To verify and compare the sociodemographic data and caregivers’ self-perception of children’s oral health condition, hygiene habits and seek for dental services among family units of deaf and normalhearing children. Material and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with 64 parents/caregivers of 16 deaf and 48 normal-hearing children of 3-14 years old, belonging to reference centers in Belo Horizonte, southeastern Brazil. Deaf and hearing children were matched according to their sex and age. Sociodemographic characteristics of the family units and self-report of oral health conditions and care were assessed using a structured questionnaire, including information regarding seeking pediatric dental services. Descriptive analysis and chi-square test were performed (p<0.05). Results: Most individuals in the sample were mothers (84.4%). Low family income (p=0.024) and higher education level of guardians (p=0.018) were associated with families of hearing children. The report of clinical treatment or toothache as the main reason for the children’s last dental appointment was associated with families of deaf children (p=0.047). Conclusion: Based on caregivers’ reports, hearing-impaired children demonstrated greater vulnerability to present dental pain or clinical treatment as the main reasons for their last access to dental appointments.

RESUMO O cisto de implantação ocorre a partir do aprisionamento e subsequente proliferação da mucosa colônica abaixo da submucosa durante o grampeamento mecânico. A compreensão e definição do protocolo de avaliação dessas lesões é importante, pois podem gerar a necessidade de um novo procedimento cirúrgico complexo e causar ansiedade em pacientes e cirurgiões. Este caso relata a ocorrência de uma lesão sub-epitelial na imagem de seguimento de um paciente submetido à retossigmoidectomia por via videolaparoscópica devido a adenocarcinoma do reto proximal, submetido a uma tentativa endoscópica de drenar/remover a lesão e subsequente análise histopatológica mostrando a mucosa cólica sem alterações. De acordo com Katsumata, sugere-se que pacientes assintomáticos sem alteração do CEA ou sinais de imagem suspeitos tenham um seguimento com métodos de imagem periódicos. Para pacientes sintomáticos com CEA normal, ou cujas lesões mostrem crescimento nos exames de seguimento, sugere-se continuar a investigação, com biópsia e / ou amostra de efluente para estudo histopatológico, além de uma tentativa de resolução sintomática. Finalmente, na presença de uma alteração no CEA, apesar dos sintomas, sugere-se que a lesão seja tratada como uma suspeita de recorrência local do tumor.

ABSTRACT The implantation cyst occurs from the imprisonment and subsequent proliferation of the colonic mucosa below the submucosa during mechanical stapling. The understanding and definition of the evaluation protocol of these lesions is important, since they can generate the need for a new complex surgical procedure and cause anxiety in patients and surgeons. This case reports the occurrence of a subepithelial lesion in follow-up imaging of a patient who underwent videolaparoscopic rectosigmoidectomy for adenocarcinoma of the proximal rectum, submitted to an endoscopic attempt to drain/detangle the lesion and subsequent histopathological analysis showing colic mucosa without changes. In line with Katsumata,it is suggested to asymptomatic patients without alteration of the CEA or suspicious imaging signs a follow up with periodic imaging methods. For symptomatic patients with normal CEA, or whose lesions are growing at follow-up exams, it is suggested to continue with the investigation, with biopsy and/or effluent sample for histopathological study in addition to an attempt at symptomatic resolution. Finally, in the presence of an alteration in CEA, despite symptoms, it is suggested that the lesion be managed as a suspected local tumor recurrence.

RESUMO Introdução: Problemas como constipação intestinal por obstrução de saída, prolapsos retal/vaginal e incontinências fecal e urinária são cada vez mais frequentes pelo envelhecimento populacional, com grande impacto na qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Descrever técnica para correção do compartimento médio/posterior do assoalho pélvico e tratamento extramucoso da parede retal, por vias perineal e vaginal, utilizando tecidos nativos. Apresentar os resultados da cirurgia em 20 pacientes submetidas à técnica. Método: Pacientes com sintomas secundários ao descenso de assoalho pélvico médio/posterior, submetidas à propedêutica – exame proctológico e defecografia por RNM de pelve que confirmaram as alterações anatômicas. A avaliação dos resultados foi feita com questionários no pré e pós-operatório, com a utilização do escore de Agachan para constipação intestinal. Resultado: Correção imediata da retocele e da musculatura, com melhora imediata da constipação intestinal, sustentada ao longo de 42 meses. Sem complicações graves no pós-operatório. Conclusão: Técnica eficaz, com correção anatômica adequada, associada a melhora significativa dos escores de constipação e de baixo risco.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Currently, problems such as constipation due to outlet obstruction, rectal/vaginal prolapse and fecal and urinary incontinence have become increasingly more frequent because of the population aging process, with great impact on the quality of life. Objective: To describe a technique for surgical repair of middle/posterior pelvic floor compartments and extra-mucosal rectal wall treatment by transperineal and vaginal approach, using native tissues and present the results in twenty patients submitted to this surgical technique. Method: Patients with symptoms secondary to middle/posterior pelvic floor descent and anatomical changes confirmed by proctological exam and pelvic MRI defecography. Results were evaluated through the Agachan constipation score, using pre- and post-operative questionnaires. Results: Immediate repair of rectocele and musculature, with prompt improvement of constipation, sustained by 42 months. There were no severe complications in the postoperative period. Conclusion: This is an effective technique, with adequate anatomic repair, improvement of constipation scores and with low risk.

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar as avaliações seqüenciais do potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico em recém-nascidos infectados pelo Zika vírus, correlacionando com a presença de microcefalia e com os sintomas de Zika nas mães durante a gestação. Métodos Estudo descritivo, longitudinal e quantitativo, do qual participaram 20 recém-nascidos, filhos de mães infectadas pelo Zika vírus no período gestacional. Foram analisados os prontuários desses bebês, que passaram por duas avaliações eletrofisiológicas, uma no primeiro mês de vida e outra, após 6 meses. Os dados comparativos foram tabulados e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados Setenta por cento dos bebês apresentaram microcefalia e 55% das mães tiveram os sintomas da infecção pelo Zika no primeiro trimestre de gestação. Não houve alteração significativa dos limiares eletrofisiológicos em nenhum dos momentos. Houve mudança estatisticamente significativa, principalmente das latências das ondas III e V, entre os exames, caracterizando maturação da via auditiva nos bebês. Não foi encontrada correlação entre a microcefalia e alterações nas latências do PEATE. Conclusão Bebês portadores de Zika apresentaram limiares eletrofisiológicos dentro da normalidade e diminuição das latências absolutas das ondas III e V e interpicos, confirmando a ação citotóxica do Zika. Houve dois casos de piora significativa do limiar eletrofisiológico. Não foi observada correlação entre resultados do PEATE e época de aparecimento dos sintomas durante a gestação, ou a presença de microcefalia.

ABSTRACT Purpose To characterize sequential assessments of auditory brainstem responses in newborns infected by zika virus, correlating with presence of microcephaly and with Zika virus symptoms in mothers during pregnancy. Methods A descriptive, longitudinal and quantitative study, in which 20 newborns, children of mothers infected by Zika virus during pregnancy, participated. Medical records of these babies were analyzed, and they underwent two electrophysiological assessments, one in the first month of life and the other, after 6 months. Comparative data were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results Seventy percent of babies had microcephaly and 55% of mothers had symptoms of Zika infection in the first trimester of pregnancy. There was no significant alteration in electrophysiological thresholds at any moments. There was a statistically significant change, mainly in the latencies of waves III and V, between the tests, characterizing maturation of the auditory pathway in babies. No correlation was found between microcephaly and changes in ABR latencies. Conclusion Babies with Zika had normal electrophysiological thresholds and decreased absolute latencies of waves III and V and interpeaks, confirming the cytotoxic action of Zika. There were two cases of significant worsening of the electrophysiological threshold. There was no correlation between ABR results and time of onset of the symptoms during pregnancy, or presence of microcephaly.

Catalysts prepared by co-precipitation of iron and titanium were evaluated in heterogeneous photo-Fenton degradation of the azo dye Acid Red 8 under blacklight irradiation. Materials with different titanium contents (0 < Ti/Fe < 0.6) were characterized using X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, specific surface area and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Hematite was identified as main phase in materials with lowest Ti content, while titanomaghemite was predominant at high Ti content. Highest degradation was obtained using titanium free catalyst due to iron leaching, which promoted a homogeneous reaction. Addition of Ti led to a heterogeneous process with a maximum when Ti/Fe = 0.40 achieving 0.76 mol of dye mineralized per mol of soluble iron after 90 min, using 10 mmol L-1 H2O2 at pH 5.6, value at least three times higher than that observed for catalysts with lower Ti content. The results indicate that Ti stabilizes the catalyst and increases its heterogeneous activity in photo-Fenton process.

This paper presents arsenic speciation studies by high-performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (HPLC-ICP-MS) using a chromatography column containing a strong anion exchange stationary phase (Agilent Bio SAX G3154A/101) for determination of arsenobetaine (AsB), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), AsIII, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and AsV. The best separation was achieved in 15 min, using a 4 min isocratic step with 1 mM (NH4)2HPO4 pH 10.2, followed by a 2 min salt gradient from 1 to 10 mM, which was kept for 4 min. Compared to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) method for rice using the PRP-X-100 column, the Bio SAX method was quicker, provided at least equal separation of AsB from the next peak, and led to more symmetrical peaks. The linearity between 0.5 and 60 µg L-1 was shown. The method was tested with 10 µg L-1 fortified rice and fish samples extracted in ultrasound using methanol/water 1:1, and recoveries between 40 and 90% were obtained.

The contribution of irradiation and the dihydroxybenzenes (DHB), catechol (CAT) and hydroquinone (HQ), added or formed as phenol oxidation intermediates, was evaluated for the reduction of FeIII and for phenol degradation via Fenton processes. The formation of CAT and HQ was observed during phenol degradation starting with Fe2+ or Fe3+ in the presence or absence of irradiation and their presence increased the rate of phenol degradation, more remarkably when initially added. Initial phenol degradation rate in the presence of DHB in the dark was much higher in comparison to their absence due to the initial higher and faster formation of Fe2+. However, degradation slows down due to the rapid oxidation of DHB, while under irradiation of free iron or citrate complex much higher mineralization is achieved in shorter time.

This paper describes the studies performed to determine the purity of aldrin samples, an organochlorine pesticide, using the mass balance approach. The organic impurities were identified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC‑µECD) using two columns: DB-35ms (intermediate polarity) and DB-XLB (low polarity). The water content was determined by Karl Fischer coulometric titration, and the inorganics were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The aldrin contents determined by mass balance and quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) were compared. The obtained results were validated through the participation of the National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro) in the key-comparison CCQM-K55.b organized by the Organic Analysis Working Group/International Bureau of Weights and Measures (OAWG/BIPM).

Metrological traceability is a key technical requirement of the ISO/IEC 17025:2005 standard, applied to calibration and testing laboratories that intend to prove their technical competence. In this work, the concept of metrological traceability is discussed, with focus on chemical and pharmaceutical testing laboratories. Practical recommendations for the selection and use of certified reference materials (CRM) are given.

Este trabalho compara os resultados obtidos na determinação de voláteis (água e solventes residuais) em novos materiais de referência certificados (MRC) ou candidatos a MRC dos ingredientes ativos farmacêuticos (API) captopril, metronidazol, diclofenaco sódico, diclofenaco potássico e furosemida, através do uso de diferentes técnicas: perda por dessecação (LOD), titulação coulométrica tipo Karl Fisher (KF), cromatografia gasosa (injeção por headspace estático) com detector por ionização em chama (sHS-GC-FID) e com espectrômetro de massas (sHS-GC-MS), análise termogravimétrica (TGA) e espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo (NIR) com análise estatística multivariada dos resultados. As três primeiras técnicas levaram a resultados complementares na determinação de voláteis, enquanto as outras duas mostraram pouca sensibilidade para a determinação de voláteis na faixa de concentração avaliada. A perda por dessecação foi considerada a técnica mais apropriada para determinação da fração mássica de voláteis a ser utilizada no cálculo do teor de API por balanço de massa.

This work compares the results obtained for the determination of volatiles (water and residual solvents) in new certified reference materials (CRM) or candidate CRMs of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) captopril, metronidazole, sodium diclofenac, potassium diclofenac and furosemide, by means of different techniques: loss on drying (LOD), Karl Fischer (KF) coulometric titration, static headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (sHS-GC-FID) and with mass spectrometry (sHS-GC-MS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) with multivariate chemometric analysis of results. The first three methods led to complementary results. The two other techniques were not sufficiently sensitive to determine volatiles in the concentration range evaluated. The loss on drying method was considered the most appropriate to determine the mass fraction of the volatiles to be used in the mass balance calculation of the API mass fraction in the pharmaceutical CRMs.

Este artigo apresenta os resultados dos estudos realizados com o candidato a material de referência certificado (MRC) de metronidazol, primeiro MRC deste fármaco disponibilizado no mercado e segundo MRC de fármacos brasileiro. Os estudos incluem a determinação dos teores de impurezas orgânicas, inorgânicas e voláteis, validação do método analítico de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE), estudos de estabilidade em condições de transporte e estocagem, estudo de homogeneidade, determinação do teor de metronidazol por balanço de massa, confirmação deste valor por calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC) e cálculo de incertezas de medição.

This paper presents the results of the studies carried out with the candidate certified reference material (CRM) of metronidazole, first CRM of this active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) available on the market and second Brazilian CRM of an API. The investigation includes the determination of organic impurities, inorganic impurities and volatiles, validation of the HPLC-DAD method, stability studies under transport and storage conditions, homogeneity testing, calculation of metronidazole content by mass balance, confirmation of the certified value by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and estimation of measurement uncertainties.

O suplemento do Guia para a Expressão da Incerteza de Medição (GUM) publicado em 2008, o qual trata da propagação de distribuições, encoraja o uso do método de Monte Carlo (MC) para a estimativa de incerteza de medição. Este artigo descreve a aplicação deste método para estimativa da incerteza de medição do teor de ingredientes ativos farmacêuticos em dois novos materiais de referência certificados (MRC): metronidazol e captopril. Os resultados obtidos pelo método de Monte Carlo e pelo método tradicional (GUM) mostraram concordância considerando um valor crítico d de 0,005 para metronidazol e 0,05 para captopril. Deste modo, o método de Monte Carlo validou os resultados obtidos pelo método tradicional (GUM) para a expressão do teor dos fármacos com no mínimo duas casas decimais.

The supplemental Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty Measurement (2008), which deals with the propagation of distributions, encourages the use of the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) for estimating the uncertainty of measurands. This paper describes the application of this method to estimate the measurement uncertainty of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) mass fractions of two certified reference materials (CRMs): metronidazole and captopril. The Monte Carlo results complied with the GUM results in terms of the critical value d of 0.005 for metronidazole and 0.05 for captopril. Therefore, the Monte Carlo method validated the GUM through the expression of the API mass fraction with at least two decimal places.

This work evaluated the use of the Hildebrand/Hansen solubility parameters for selection of solvents for extraction of the organochlorine pesticides pp' DDT, pp' DDE, Aldrin and a-Endossulfan from soil using columns packed with Al2O3. The mixtures hexane:dichloromethane (7:3; v/v), hexane:acetonitrile (1:1; v/v), hexane:acetone (1:1; v/v) and pure hexane were chosen as extracting solutions. In the addition and recovery tests, different extraction solutions provided high recoveries percentages (>75%) with coefficients of variation below 15%. The recoveries are in agreement with the Hildebrand/Hansen parameters, demonstrating its applicability in the selection of extracting solution and in the replacement of toxic solvents, as dichloromethane

Este artigo descreve a validação de método de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência em fase reversa (CLAE-RP) com detector de fotodiodos (DAD) para determinação de substâncias relacionadas (impurezas orgânicas de síntese e produtos de degradação) de captopril segundo Farmacopéia Brasileira IV ed. Este estudo teve como objetivo garantir que o método é capaz de quantificar com exatidão o teor de substâncias relacionadas, um requisito essencial para que o teor de captopril seja determinado por balanço de massa no primeiro material de referência certificado (MRC) de fármacos brasileiro, o qual foi desenvolvido pelo Inmetro. A instabilidade do captopril em solução é discutida em detalhes e o teor de captopril determinado por balanço de massa é comparado com aqueles obtidos por titulação e por calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC).

This paper describes the validation of a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography method (RP-HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD) for determination of related substances (impurities from organic synthesis and degradation products) of captopril according to the Brazilian Pharmacopeia IV. The aim of this study was to guarantee the method accuracy for quantification of related substances, an essential requisite to determine, using the mass balance approach, the captopril content in the first Brazilian certified reference material (CRM) of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), developed by Inmetro. The captopril instability in solution is discussed and the captopril content determined by mass balance is compared to the results from titration and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Este artigo descreve os estudos realizados com o candidato a Material de Referência Certificado (MRC) de captopril, primeiro MRC de fármacos no Brasil, incluindo a determinação de impurezas (orgânicas, inorgânicas e voláteis), testes de homogeneidade, testes de estabilidade de curta e longa duração, cálculo do teor de captopril por balanço de massa e estimativa da incerteza de medição associada ao valor certificado.

This paper describes the studies performed with the candidate Certified Reference Material (CRM) of captopril, the first CRM of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in Brazil, including determination of impurities (organic, inorganic and volatiles), homogeneity testing, short- and long-term stability studies, calculation of captopril content using the mass balance approach, and estimation of the associated measurement uncertainty.